ck;dj isákafka uyck ksfhdað;hska fjkqfjka fkdj uyck ksfhdað;hska isákafka ck;dj
fjkqfjka nj i|yka l< ckdêm;s;=ud ck;d Wreuh iy mrudêm;H mdjd oSug lsisfjl=g
fkdyels nj wjOdrKh lf,ah'
ck;djf.a ksfhdað;hska f,i ck;dj fjkqfjka bgql<hq;= hq;=lï bgqlsÍug ish¨ m<d;a
md,k ksfhdað;hska lemúh hq;= nj o ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud wjOdrKh lf<a
Bfha ^08& wr,sh.y ukaosrfha mej;s iaj¾K mqrjr iïudk m%odfkda;aijh iy m<d;a md,k
cd;sl iuq¿j wu;ñks'
j;auka rch ls%hdjg kxjd we;s iqúi,a ixj¾Ok jevms<sfj,g tfrys úúO n,fõ. wo rg ;=<
ls%hd;aul fjhs' foaYsh;ajhg úreoaO tu n,fõ. tod fï rg fnokakg W;aiy l< n,fõ. nju
o lS ckdêm;s;=ud rfÜ j;auka ;;a;ajh ms<sn`o ish¨fokd wjfndaOfhka lghq;= l<hq;=
nj o mejiSh'
j;auka rch ish ixj¾Ok jevms<sfjf,aoS m%dfoaYsh ixj¾Okhg iqúfYaIs ia:dkhla ,ndoS
we;s nj o ckdêm;s;=ud fmkajd ÿkafkah' rch bosßm;a lrk ,o iEu wh jeh jd¾;djla
;=<u rfÜ m%dfoaYsh ixj¾Okhg uq,a ;ek oS lghq;= lf<a ta ksidu nj o isysm;a l<
ckdêm;s;=ud ck;djg b;d ióm; u ksfhdað;hska jk m,d;a md,k ksfhdað;hska ck;d
wfmalaIdjka bgq lsÍug Wmßufhka lemù lghq;= lsÍfï wjYH;djh o wjOdrKh lf<ah'
m<d;a md,k wdh;khkays fiajd iïmdokh" l<ukdlrKh ld¾hlaIu lsÍu iy fiajh w.h lrñka
m<d;a md,k iy m<d;a iNd wud;HdxYh u`.ska fuu iïudk Wf<, iEu jirlu ixúOdkh lrkq ,nhs'
fyd`ou uyk.r iNdj" k.r iNdj yd m%dfoaYsh iNdj i`oyd iïudk yd iy;sl m;% m%odkh
fuysos ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud w;ska isÿúh' óg wu;rj ;u n, m%foaYhkays
li< l<ukdlrKh m%j¾Okh fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o >k wmøjH l<ukdlrK ;r`.fhka ch.%yKh lrk
,o m<d;a md,k wdh;k fjkqfjka ;Hd. yd iy;slm;a o fuysos ckdêm;s;=ud w;ska m%odkh
flßks'
wud;Hjrekajk ksu,a isßmd, o is,ajd" neis,a rdcmlaI" c.;a mqIaml=udr" iS'ì'
r;akdhl" tia'ì' kdúkak" mS' ohdr;ak hk uy;ajreka o m<d;a wdKavqldrjreka" m%Odk
wud;Hjreka iy ue;s weu;sjreka óg tlaj isáhy'
m<d;a md,k cd;sl iNd uyd iuq`Mj yd iaj¾K mqrjr iïudk Wf<, wu;d ckdêm;s;=ud
l< l;dj
wfma rfÜ uy k.r iNd" iq`M k.r iNd iy m%dfoaYSh iNd fiaru tl;= l< úg wdh;k 335 la
ls%hd;aul fjkjd' fï ish,a, tl;= fj,d jqk m<d;a md,k wdh;k cd;sl iuq`Mj wms
mj;ajkafka m<d;a md,k lafIa;%fha b;du jeo.;a ldrKd rdYshla isÿfjk jljdkqjl'
we;a; jYfhka u wo m<d;a iNdj" m%dfoaYSh iNdj" k.r iNdj fïjdhska úYd, ck;d
fiajhla bIaG fjkjd' ta ta lafIa;%j, b;du fyd`Èka jev lrmq ck;d fiajfha fhÿk
msßilg ;uhs wo fï ;Hd. m%odkh lrkq ,nkafka' ta jf.au wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka
wfkla m<d;aj,g;a fïjd ,nd§fï j.lSu yd ,nd.ekSfï j.lSu ;sfhk njhs'
ck;dj bkafka wms fjkqfjka fkdfjhs' wms bkafka ck;dj fjkqfjka' th u;l ;nd f.k jev
lf<d;a wfmka úh hq;= hq;=lu yßhdldrj ck;djg bgq jqfkd;a ck;djgo ;uqkakdkafia,d
wu;l jkafk keye' úYd, j.lSulska ck;dj fjkqfjka ;Skaÿ wms miq.sh ldf, .;a;d'
wms tod uyskao Ñka;kh mokï lr f.k fld<U k.rfha ;sfnk ixj¾Okh .ug f.k hk njg
ck;dj bÈßfha fmdfrdkaÿ jqKd' jir 500lg jeä ld,hla mqrd ,xldfõ ;snqKq wd¾Ól
ixj¾Okh úYd, fmr,shla isÿ l<d' .fï isák ck;djf.ka ishhg wiq myla fmdÿ ck;dj
fjkqfjka bgq l<hq;= j.lSula yeáhghs fuh uu i,lkafka'
ug u;lhs tod tia ví wd¾ ã nKavdrkdhl ue;s;=ud " isxy,h rc ni lr,d .%du rdcH
ixl,amh f.k,a,d fmdÿ ck;dj k`.d isgjkak yeÿjd' kuq;a nKavdrkdhl ue;s;=udg tal
lrkak bv ÿkafka kE' tod jf.auhs wo;a' wfma rfÜ m<d;a k`.d isgjk fldg úYd,
wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK mdkakg isÿ fjkjd' ta jf.au wms okakjd foaYSh ck;dj k`.d isgqjk
fldg;a f,dl= wNsfhda. tkjd' fnÈ,d fjkafj,d ;snqKq rgla ksoyia lr.kak fldg thg
úYd, ndOd we;s jqKd'
uq,skau uyskao Ñka;khg ueouq,k Ñka;kh lsõjd' ueouq,k wE; msáir .ïudkhla' .fï ku
lsõju .u ksfhdackh fjkjd'
wms iEu whjehl§u fï rfÜ m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Okhg uq,a ;eku §ug j.n,d .;a;d' fï rfÜ
m<d;a md,k wdh;k Yla;su;a lr,d tajd m%fndaOu;a lf<a wfma rgg .e,fmk w;S; Wreuh
f.dv ke.Sughs' wmsg ´kE fld<U bkak iq`M msßila w; ;sfhk n,h .ug f.ksyska
mqrjeishd Yla;su;a lrkak' talg fyd`ou ;ek ;uhs .ï iNdj' tod mKavqldNh hq.fha
b`oka mej;=k .ï iNd ;uhs frdnÜ fkdlaia ,xldjg tkfldg;a ,xldfõ ls%hd;aul jqfka'
1818 § ;uhs wêrdcHjd§ka fï l%uh wj,x.= lf<a'
1981 § ixj¾Ok iNd f.k;a wfma .ï iNd 541 la wfydais l<d' thska fï rfÜ ysgmq .fï
ñksidg ishhg wiQ myla jk fmdÿ ck;djg fiajh lrkak ;snqK wdh;k moaO;shla ke;s
lsÍula ú;rla fkdfjhs" fï rfÜ fmdÿ ck;dj i;= n,h Wÿrd .ekSula jYfhka ;uhs uu fuh
olskafka' ta fjkqjg msysgjmq ixj¾Ok iNd ksid isoaO jqfKa fï rfÜ ck;dj rfÜ
md,kfhka ;j ;j;a wE;a fjk tlhs' fufia W;=f¾ ck;dj;a wE;a lf<a ljqo @ .ïj, ck;dj
n,hla ke;s wirK msßila njg m;a jqKd'
1989 ;reK wiykh ms<sn`o fidhd n,kak m;a l< fldñifuka fï rgg wdfh;a m<d;a md,k
wdh;k m%dfoaYSh iNd msysgqjkakg ks¾foaY l<d'
wo wms uqyqK §,d ;sfhk wNsfhda.h ;uhs fï uyck ksfhdað; wdh;k fï rfÜ ck;djg ;j ;j;a
<x lrk tl' ck;djf.ka wE;ajk wdh;k fkdfjhs wmg wjYH' ck;djf.a yoj;a iu`. nefok
wdh;k' Tjqkag n,h ;sfnk wdh;khla njg m;a lrkak' m%dfoaYSh iNdj,g uka;S%jre
f;dark iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh ksid .ug j. lshkak ksfhdað;fhla ke;s jqKd' ta ld,fha
ue;sjrKhla wdju fï yefudau lshkafka fudllao fïl ke;s lr,d odkak fïjd mq`Mjka
i,a,sldrhskag muKhs lsh,d merÿkdu;a" Èkqjdu;a lE .ykjd' ta ld,fha ;uhs fjkia l<
hq;= hhs u; jdoh wdfõ'
idudkH ;reKfhl=g m%dfoaYSh iNdjg Pkafo b,a,kak .shdu Wyq,kak neß úhoula orkak
fjkjd' ta ksid fndfyda fj,djg uyck ksfhdað;hdg isoaO fjkjd ;uka fjkqfjka úh
meyeoï lrkak mq`Mjka wh <`.g hkak' tfyu jqKdu ksfhdackh fjkafka uyck u;h fkdfjhs'
fï ksid wms iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uhg m<d;a md,k Pkao mj;ajk l%uh bj;a lrkak ;SrKh
lr,d tod .ug ksfhdackh ,nd fokak'
fïjd lrkafk .ug n,h ,nd fokak' t;fldghs .u;a iu`. fyd`Èka tl;= jkafk' wdKavqj yß
jevla l<;a" jerÈ jevla l<;a tal fmkajkafka ;uqkakdkafia,d'
ta ksihs ;uqkakdkafia,d Yla;su;a lrkak yokafka' .fï isoaO fjk ±jeka; fjkialï m<uqfjkau
fmakafka ;uqkakdkafia,dg fka' wOHdmkh" wd¾Ól yd idudðl jYfhka wo iudch ÈhqKq
fjñka mj;skjd' .fï mdr yefok fldg .fï bvïj, ñ, by< hk fldg mdi,a bÈ fjk fldg
tajd ÈhqKq fjk fldg .fï w.hla we;s fjkjd' w¨;ska rg mqrd mdi,au oyila bÈ flfrkjd'
uf.a <`.g YsIHfhda tkjd' Tjqka iu`. l: nia lrk fldg ug fmakjd Tjqka wOHdmksl
jYfhka ,nd ;sfnk ÈhqKqj' jhU wdikfha l`Mjr.iajej mdif,a f.dvke.s,s tlhs ;sfhkafka
;j;a tlla yod fokak b,a,Sula lrkjd mdi,a YsIHfhla' ;j;a YsIHdjla lshkjd fvia nxl=
;j;a wjYHhs lsh,d'
;uqkakdkafia,dg;a fmakjd we;s .fï ixj¾Okh' fjkodg jvd úYd, wdodhula .fï rfÜ
ck;dj w; .ejfikjd' ta ksidu m%dfoaYSh jYfhka fï rfÜ ck;dj bÈßhg tkak mgka wrf.k'
.fï ±ka mß.Klfha boka cx.u ÿrl:kh olajd fndfyda kùk foaj,a mßyrKh lrkak mqreÿ
fj,d ;sfhkjd' wE; .ïj, f.org m;a;rh f.akak biair mß.Klfhka m;a;rh lshjkjd' tjeks
.ï wo wfma rfÜ ;sfhkjd' th ;uhs wms ,nmq ÈhqKqj' tod jf.a fkdfjhs wo mdi,a jEka
r:u lShla Tnf.a .ug tkjdo@ fïjd ;uhs rfÜ mqrjeishkaf.a ck Ôú;h ke`.sàfï ÈhqKqfõ
,laIK' ±ka .ug mdr" úÿ,sh" ÿrl:k" mdi,a úYd, jYfhka ÈhqKq fj,d ;sfhkjd' .ï .u
ms%h cklhs' m<d;a md,k m%%Yaak fndfyduhla úi`È,d ±ka'
wms .u ú;rla fkdfjhs .u f.dvk.k .ukau fld<U;a ÈhqKq lrkak lghq;= l<d' tod l=Kq
f.dvj,a ksid k.rhg tkak neß jqKd' wo tu ;;a;ajh fjkia fj,d' l=Kq m%Yakh úiokjd
lsh,d ljqre n,hg wdj;a wms weú;a ;uhs l=Kq m%Yakh úi`ÿfõ'
wo ch.%yKh l< wdh;k jf.au" bÈß ld,fha § wfkl=;a wdh;khlau tu ch.%yK ,nd .kak
Wkkaÿ jkak' fï rgg tk ixpdrlhska wdfhdaclhska uy nexl=jg hkak l,ska uq,skau
n,kafka tu m%foaYj, ;sfhk msßisÿlu .ek yd mdr iïnkaOj' tajdg ;uhs ta wh uq,skau
wdl¾IKh jkafka' ;ukaf.a m%foaYfha há;, myiqlï ms<sn`oj ixpdrlhskag ta ;=<ska
leue;a;la we;s fjkjd' ÈhqKq fj,d ;sfhk m<d;a j,g we;=,a fjkjd;a iu`.u ta m<d;
ksfhdackh lrk kdhlhska ksid ta m<d;a ÈhqKq fj,d ;sfhk nj fmakjd' w¨;a fohla o
olskak ,efnkjd' wfma m%foaYh ÈhqKq lrkak wms fmdÿfõ lghq;= lrkak ´fka'
wmsg wfma hq;=lï ksis mßÈ bgq lrkak úYd, j.lSula ;sfhkjd' ck;d mrudêm;Hhg .re
lrkak ´kE' ck;d Wreuh ldgj;a mdjd fokak neye' ;uqkakdkafia,df.ka ck;djg úh hq;=
hq;=lï bgq lrkak' ta wh ta whf.a hq;=lu Tn fjkqfjka bgq lrdú'
wms tl fohla lsh,d ;j fohla lrkafka keye' wms lrk foa lshkjd" lshk foa lrkjd' fï
rg ixj¾Okh lrd hk fõ,dfõ ndysr n,fõ.j,g bv fkd§ ck;dj ±kqj;a lrñka ;ukaf.a wdh;k
;=< Yla;su;a fjñka ck;d fiajh bgq lrkak' ck;dj wksjd¾hfhkau Tnj n,d.kSú'
wo Èk ch.%yK ,nd .;a Tn ish¨ fokdgu iqn m;k w;r wfkla wdh;kj,g;a ,nk jif¾ § tu
ch.%yK ysñfõjdhs uu m%d¾:kd lrñ'
iqN wkd.;hla m;ñ'
2013-01-08
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