;%ia;jdoh mrdch lsÍfï lgql igkska miq cd;sh kej; f.dvkexùfï ud¾.hg YS% ,xldj wj;S¾K ù isák nj mejiQ ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud wmf.a cd;sh f.dvkexùfï jHdhdufha § úúO ckj¾. iy fjkia wd.ñl úYajdihka wkq.ukh lrk mqoa.,hka w;r iu.sh" iduh iy wjfndaOh we;slr,Su iy;sl l<hq;= nj;a YS% ,xldj f,dj m%Odk wd.ï i;rlg ixys`Èhdfjka úiSug yels jdiia:dkhla nj;a wjOdrKh lf<ah'

ßiaf.da 2013 cd;Hka;r nd,olaI tluq;=fjys iudma;s W;aijh miq.shod ^22& ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=udf.a m%Odk;ajfhka uykqjr fnda.ïnr ls%vx.Kfha§ meje;s w;r tys§ ckdêm;s;=ud fï nj wjOdrKh lf<ah'

YS% ,xldfõ ish¨ Èia;s%lal ksfhdackh lrñka iy rgj,a 30 la ksfhdackh lrñka nd,olaIhska" nd,olaIsldjka" nd,olaI fmda;lhska iy nd,olaI kdhlhska 5000 la Bg tlaj isáyy'

ck;djg fiajh lsÍug kï m<uqj udkj ys;jdÈfhl= úh hq;=h' jD;a;Sh wjYH;djhg fyda udkj ysñlï jHdmdrhl isá muKska flfkl= udkj ys;jdÈfhl= fkdjk nj o ckdêm;s;=ud tys§ fmkajd ÿkafka h' udkj ys;jdÈfhl=g cd;shla" wd.ula fyda mka;s fNaohla ;sìh fkdyels fiau n,j;a fyda ÿn, hehs fíohla o fkd;sìh hq;= nj o ckdêm;s;=ud wjOdrKh lf<ah'

wmf.a nd, mrmqr udkj ohdj" lreKdj w.hk msßila úh hq;= nj o mejiq ckdêm;s;=ud jir oyia .Kkla mqrd udkj ohdj lreKdj mokï lr.ksñka f.dv ke.=K YsIaGdpdrhla YS% ,xldj i;= nj;a tu wNsudkj;a YsIaGdpdrh wdrlaId lsÍug rch ne`§ isák nj;a mejiSh'

mqoa., iu;alï yd ÿn,lï y`ÿkd.ekSug tlaj jev lsÍu ;=<ska yels h' rgg" iudchg fiajh lr ;sfnkafka iduqysl nj yqre l, wh muKls' nd,olaIhska f,dj úúO úÑ;%j;a nj jgyd.; hq;=hs' f,dalfha fld;kl ieß ierej o ;uka Wmka rfÜ ixialD;sh yd iodpdrd;aul .=Kdx. /l .eksug nd,olaIhska mqreÿ úh hq;= nj o ckdêm;s;=ud lSfõh' tfiau f,dalfha l`ojqre nekao muKska ;ukaf.a idodpdrh ixialD;sh wu;l lr Wmkak rgg fkd.e<fmk foa je<`o fkd.; hq;= nj o ckdêm;s;=ud meyeÈ,s lf<ah'

ud;D N+ñhg fiajh fldg fmr<d hula n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkak tmd' rg iy wd.u wfma Ôú;j, fldgila' ráka ;ukag ,efnkafka fudkjdo hkakg jvd rgg bgq l< hq;= hq;=lï fudkjdo lshd is;su rgg wdorh lrk ish¨fokdf.a j.lSuhe hs o ckdêm;s;=ud jeäÿrg;a mejiSh'

“f.da,Sh kdhl;ajhla lrd” hk f;audj hgf;a jd¾;d.; nd,olaI l`ojqrla f,i miq.sh 18 jkod uykqjr O¾urdc úoH,fha§ ßiaflda 2013 nd,olaI cïfndaßh wdrïN úh'

uykqjr O¾urdc úoHd,hg jir 125 la msßu yd tys nd,olaI jHdmdrhg jir ishhla msÍu ksñ;af;ka O¾urdc úoHd,h iy ;dreKHhg fygla ixúOdkh tlaj fuh ixúOdkh l<y''

f,dalfha úYd,; u nd,olaI uka;l f,akaiqjo fuysÈ ckdêm;s;=ud bÈßfha m%o¾Ykh flßks'

f,dal nd,olaI jHdmdrfha ks¾ud;D fíâka mfj,a idñ;=udf.a ms<srejgo ckdêm;s;=ud u,aoula me<`oùh'

1907 jif¾ fíäka mfj,a idñ;=ud úiska tx.,ka;fha§ nd,olaI jHdmdrh wrUd jir 5 lg miqj tkï 1912 § YS% ,xldfõ nd,olaI jHdmdrh wdrïN flrefKa kqjr l,dmfha ud;f,a k.rfha § h' nd,olaI jHdmdrh wdrïN l< m%:u uykqjr mdi, njg 1913 § O¾urdc úoHd,h m;aúh'

nd,olaI flduidßia uydpd¾h ksu,a o is,ajd" O¾urdc úoHd,fha úÿy,am;s tia'tï' lS¾;sr;ak hk uy;ajreka we;=¨ msßila fuu wjia:djg tlaj isáhy'

nd,olaI iuQyhg jir ishhla msÍu fjkqfjka meje;s W;aijfha § ckdêm;s;=ud lrk ,o l;dj

fï rfÜ m%Odk nd,olaIhd yeáhg fï wjia:djg uu iyNd.s fjkafka úYd, i;=glska' m<uqfldgu rdcka nd,olaI cïfndaßhg iyNd.sjqkq nd,olaI kdhlhskag"foia úfoia nd,olaIhskag jdf.au udkjl nd,olaIhskag udf.a iqn me;=ï msßkukak ´kE'

uykqjr O¾urdc úoHd,fha nd,olaI iuQyhg jir ishhla ±ka iïmQ¾K fjkjd' wfma rfÜ nd,olaI jHdmdrhg jir tlish tlla msfrkfldg O¾urdc úoHd,fha nd,olaI iuQyhg;a jir ishh iïmQ¾Kùu fï úoHd,hg f,dl= wNsudkhla'

ì%;dkH wêrdcHhg wh;a rgj, úYsIaG;u nd,olaI iïudk ysñ rcqf.a Och 1917"18"19 jir ;=fkau O¾urdch Èkd .;a;d' fï Och ;=ka ierhla tlu rgla Èkd .ekSu wog;a f,dal jd¾;djla' wdishd Ydks;slr l,dmfha úYsIag;u nd,olaIhd yeáhg 2009 j¾Ifha ch.%yKh ,nd .;af;;a O¾urdcfha nd,olaIfhla' f,dalfha nd,olaI jHdmdrfha ks¾ud;D fívska mdfj,a idñ;=ud;a foj;djla fï O¾urdc úoHd,hg wdjd'

ta ksid ,xldfõ nd,olaI jHdmdrh iy O¾urdch lshkafka ft;sydisl tluq;=jla'

f,dalfha nd,olaI idudðl ixLHdj fldaá ;=klg;a jeähs' ,xldfõ;a y;,sia mkaoyilg wdikak nd,olaIfhd msßila bkakjd' ,xldfõ mdie,a orefjd jeäu msßila iyNd.S fjk iafjÉcd ixúOdkh yeáhg;a nd, olaI jHdmdrh y÷kajkak mq¿jka'

nd,olaI jHdmdrfha m%;sm;a;s ,xldfõ nd, mrmqr w;rg f.k hk tl b;du myiq ta jd.au jákd fohla' rgl nd,olaI jHdmdrh f.dvk.kak kï nd, mrmqr udkj ohdj"lreKdj w.hk msßila fjkak ´kE' jiroyia .Kkla mqrd udkj ohdj lreKdj mokï lrf.k f.dv ke.=K YsIagdpdrhla ,xldfj ;sfhk nj wms ljqre;a okakjd' ,xldfõ rch ne|S bkafka fï YsIagdpdrh wdrlaId lrkak'

Tn ñksiqkag fiajh lrkak kï uq,skau udkj ys;jdÈfhla fjkak ´kE' jD;a;Sh wjYH;djhg udkj ysñlï .ek jev lrk ixúOdkhl jHdmdrhl ysgmq muKska" flfkla udkj ys;jdÈfhla fjkafka kE' udkj ys;jdÈfhla Wkyu Tyqg cd;shla wd.ula mka;s fNaohla ysákak úÈhla keye' n,j;a wh ÿn, wh lsh,d fNaohla ysákak nE' tal nd,olaI jHdmdrfha fh§u ksid f,dalfhau orejka ;=<g ldjeoaÈh hq;= .=Kdx.hla'

wo fu;k l|jqre ne|f.k bkak orefjd ±lalu wmg úYd, i;=gla we;s fjkjd' iuQysl ;SrK .kak wkHhkaf.a woyiaj,g .re lrkak fï l|jqre Ôú;fhka mqreÿ fjkjd'

;ksfhka ie,iqï lrkak f,aishs' tfy;a tl;=fj,d jev lrk tl b;d wmyiqhs' mqoa., iu;alï ÿn,lï y÷kd.kak kï tl;=fj,d jev lrkak ´kE' rgg"iudchg jevla lr,d ;sfnkafka iduQysl nj yqre l< wh muKla nj uu fï orejkag lshkak ´kE' orejkaj yqfol,d lr,d wOHdmkh fokjg jvd fï l|jqre Ôú;fhka f.dvla foa bf.k .kak mq¿jka'

nd, ld,fhau fï orefjd .fï rfÜ weúo,d fkdfhla fiajdjka lrkjd' iudchg wNsudkj;a fiajhla lrkak fmdä ldf,a b|,d mqreÿ fjkjd' iudchg fmdä fmdä Woõ lrkjd' thska Tn jeo.;a fohla bf.k .kak ´kE' fmdä fiajdj,a jqK;a rglg w;HdjYHhs' tl;=fj,d iuÕsfhka wms lghq;= lrkak TskE'

Tn úúO rgj,ska weú;a fuys tla /ia fj,d bkakjd' f,dalfha úúO ixialD;Ska ;sfhk nj Tng fyd|g fmfkkjd we;s' ta ksid nd,olaIfhd jk Tn f,dj úúO úÑ;% nj jgyd .kak ´kE' Tn f,dalfha fld;ek ießierej;a ;uka Wmka rfÜ ixialD;sh iodpdrd;aul .=Kdx. /l .kak mqreÿ fjkak ´kE' wfma orejka f,dalfha fld;k .sh;a ;ukaf.a iodpdrh /l.kak ´kE' f,dalfha l|jqre nekao m,shg ;ukaf.a iodpdrh ixialD;sh wu;l lr,d Wmka rgg fkd.e,fmk foa je<| .kak hkak tmd'

fï nd,olaIfhda ;ukaf.a rfÜ ck;dj biairyd fok fmdfrdkaÿjla ;sfhkjd' ta fmdfrdkaÿfõ ;sfhkjd —udf.a wd.u yd rg flfrys hq;=lï bgq lsÍug o nd,olaI ks;shg lSlreùug o udf.a wjxl úYajdih Wv iïmQ¾K W;aidyh fh§ug fmdfrdkaÿ fjñ'˜ orejfka !wfma Ôú;fha fldgila ;uhs rg iy wd.u'
wms rgg fiajh lrkfldg fmr<d hï fohla n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkak tmd' ráka Tng ,efnkafka fudkjd o lsh,d ys;kjdg jvd wms rgg bgq l< hq;= hq;=lï fudkj o lsh,d ys;k tl b;du jeo.;a' wfma uq;=ka ñ;af;da fiajh lf<a ta úÈhg ys;,hs'

wfma áfnÜ cd;sl tia' uyskao yduqÿrefjd j;djla lsõjd"

bgq fldg l< hq;= hq;=lï
,enqk;a f,daflka .eryqï
bjikakg mq¨jka kï
kqUhs uf.a mq;d W;=ï
lsh,d'

nd,olaIfhd tfyuhs ys;kak ´kE' uu l;dj wjika lrkak fmr Tfí f;aud .S;h kej; u;la lrkak leu;shs'

ch f.k ñi kE miaig ljo;a hkafka
tl uõ l= orefjda jf.a huq tl ?fka
keK .=K foo jmqrd Yla;sfhka wfma
rka ñK wms fjuq ch fï kj hq.fha

ckdêm;s;=ud fou< niska l< l;dfõ isxy, wkqjdoh

wo fï nd,olaI cïfndaßfha § Tn yefudau olsk úg ug f,dl= i;=gla we;s fjkjd' fívka mj,a idójrhd wdrïN l< jHdmdrh ;uhs fï nd, olaI jHdmdrh' wo f,dalfha fï nd,olaI jHdmdrh b;du;a id¾:lj ls%hd;aul fjkjd'

—iqodkñka isákak˜ ;uhs nd,olaI jHdmdfha f;aud mdGh

wdorKSh orejfka" Ôú;fha l=uk wNsfhda.hla wdj;a talg uqyqK fokak ´kE' túg ;uhs wmsg ðú;fha ÈhqKq fjkak mQ¿jka jkafka' lsisu fíohla ke;sj tlg Ôj;a fjkak ´kE' idufhka Ôj;a fjkak ´kE' fyd| .;s.=K"iafkayh"lreKdj yeu fohlau b;du;a wjYHhs'ifydaor fifkyiska Ôj;a fjkak ´kE' tl ujlf. orefjda jf.a Ôj;a fjka ´kE'
talhs jeo.;a jkafka' talhs uf.a wjYH;djh

ia;=;shs !
ckdêm;s;=ud bx.%Sis niska l< l;dfõ isxy, wkqjdoh

ore ±ßhks"
ñ;%jreks"

wm rfÜ nd,olaI jHdmdrfha fM;sydisl wjia:djla iksgqyka lrñka O¾urdc úoHd,h ish nd,olaI Y; ixj;airh iurk fuu wjia:djg iyNd.s ùug ,eîu rfÜ m%Odk nd,olaIhd f,i ug wNsudkhls'

YS% ,xld nd,olaI jHdmdr b;sydih ;=, kqjr l,dmh úfYAI ia:dkhla Wiq,hs' 1907 jif¾ fíäka mfj,a idñ;=ud úiska tx.,ka;fha§ n,olaI jHdmdrh wdrUd jir 5lg miqj tkï 1912 § wm rfÜ nd,olaI jHdmdrh wdrïN flrefka fuu l,dmfha k.rhla jk ud;f,a§h' nd,olaI jHdmdrh wdrïN l< m%:u uykqjr mdi, njg 1913§ O¾urdc úoHd,h m;aúh'

jir ishhlg fmr fuys nd,olaI jHdmdrh werUqjkaf.a Wodr ±laug yd n,dfmdfrd;a;= wkqj lghq;= lsÍug we;s yelshdj .; jQ ishji mqrd O¾urdch úiska ukdj m%o¾Ykh lr we;' fuu cïfndaßh iu. ish nd,olaI iyY%lh iurk fuu wjia:dfõ§ 1993 isg iEu jirlu YS% ,xldfõ fyd|u nd,olaI lKavdhug msßkefuk —iuia; ,xld l=i,;d˜ Och Èkd .ekSug yelsùu ms<sn|j O¾urdchg wdvïnr úh yel' tu ksid uu Tng iqn m;ñ'

ys;j;a úfoaYsl nd,olaIhsks" ñ;%jreks"

j¾;udkfha§ nd,olaI jHdmdrh tys ks¾ud;D jQ O¾urdchg o meñKs fívka mfj,a idñ;=udf.a m%;sm;a;sj, u. fmkaùu wkqj f,dj mqrd m%p,s;j we;' wo jk úg nd,olaI jHdmdrh f,dj mqrd fldgia w;r úYsIaG tluq;=nfõ n,fõ.hla njg m;aj we;' fuu cïfndaßfha§ o isÿù we;s mßÈ iudÔh jYfhka wod, lghq;=j,§ tlg tlaj iyfhda.fhka ls%hd lsÍug úúO iudc jgmsgdjka yd we|ySïj,ska hq;a úúO rgj,g yd cd;Skag wh;a <uqka yd ;reKhka nd,olaI jHdmdrh úiska tlg tl;= flf¾'

iudcfha hym; Wfoid odhl ùfï ;Dma;sh ck;djg ,`.d lr fok nd,olaI jHdmdrh jvd fyd| f,djla ;ekSug WmldÍ fõ' t;=,ska Y%ufha we;s .re;ajh o fmkakqï flf¾' tfukau ;reK fldgia w;r lhska yd ukiska msßisÿ ùug yd pß;h kxjd,Sug o nd,olaI jHdmdrh lemS fmfkk f,i odhl fõ'

—;dreKH yd l=i,;d˜ kñka hqfkiafldaj m< l, kj;u jd¾;dfjys ;reK fldgiaj,g ñka lsis lf,l fkdjQ mßÈ l=i,;d j¾Okh lr .ekSu wjYH nj i|yka j we;' Ôú;hg úYajdifhka yd ±ä Woafhda.fhka uqyqk §ug wjYH l=i,;d iemhSfï yelshdj nd,olaI jHdmdrhg ienúkau we;'

;%ia;jdoh mrdch lsÍfï lgql igklska miq mqrd;k rcjrekaf.a ld,fhys fi!Nd.Hfha yd úN+;sfha idvïnr w;S;hla ms<sn| Woï weksh yels wm cd;sh kej; f.dvkexùfuys ud¾.hg YS% ,xldj wj;S¾K j isà' wo wm yuqjk uykqjr wmf.a wjidk rdcOdkshhs' w;S;fha§ wm úiska w;am;a lr .kakd jQ by, ;;ajfha ixj¾Okh úoyd fmkajka fujka mqrd;k rdcOdks YS% ,xldj mqrd Tng ±lsh yel'

wmf.a cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï jHdhdufha§" úúO ckj¾. iy fjkia wd.ñl úYajdihka wkq.ukh lrkakka w;r iu.sh" iduh iy wjfndaOh we;slr,Su wm iy;sl l< hq;=hs' fï wfma rg f,dj m%Odk wd.ï i;rlg ixys¢hdfjka úiSug yels jdiia:dkhls'

YS% ,xldfõ ish¨ Èia;s%lalhka ksfhdackh lrñka iy úúO rgj,a 30la ksfhdackh lrñka 3500lg wêl nd,olaIhka' Tn ish¨ fokd meñK isákafka úúO m%cdjka" iudchka" ixialD;Ska yd iïm%odhka ksfhdackh lrñkqhs' kuq;a Tn ish¨ fokd rgg" uyck;djg iy iudchg fufyjrla bgq lsÍfï§ tlai;aj ls%hd lrkq ,nhs' nd,olaI jHdmdrh Tng fmdÿ ldrKhla i|yd ne| talrdYS fldg ;sfí'

rgl ;reK mrmqrg muKla l< yels tlai;a nj f.dvke.Su i|yd Tn wo Èk fuys§ fmkajk ,o tlai;a nj ;u rgj,g iy iudchkag fukau wmf.a fï YS% ,xldfõ ish¨ Èia;s%lalhkag /f.k hd hq;=hs'

ish jirl id¾:l;ajh iksgqyka lrk O¾urdc úÿy,g iEu ch.%yKhlau ,efíjdhs ud m%d¾:kd lrk w;ru nd,olaI jHdmdrfhys wdo¾Y mdGh jk—iQodkñka isákak˜ rgg iy tys ck;djg fufyjrla bgq lsÍu fjkqfjka fhdod .kq we;ehs uu úYajdi lrñ'

Tn ish¨ fokdg ;s%úO r;akfha msysghsæ